Oral contraceptives: Oral contraceptives mimic pregnancy because they contain progesterone or estrogen. Therefore gingivitis may occur with long-term use. Women who use birth control pills are twice as likely to develop dry socket (a complication of tooth extraction) and should consult their dentist before scheduling major dental procedures. 

Pregnancy: Pregnant women have a risk for increased inflammation of the gums because of the surge in estrogen and progesterone. If irritating plaque isn't removed, it can cause gingivitis - red, swollen, tender gums that are more likely to bleed. In some cases, large lumps called pregnancy tumors - inflammatory, non-cancerous growths that develop when swollen gums react strongly to irritants, can develop. Usually these tumors shrink soon after the pregnancy is over. Women with periodontal disease may be at risk for preterm, low birthweight babies. If a women experiences morning sickness, it is important to neutralize the acid caused by vomiting, which causes tooth erosion. Patients can use a paste made of baking soda and water, rubbing it on the teeth. After 30 seconds, rinse off the paste, then brush and floss. If this is not possible, rinse with water.

Menopause: During menopause, some women can experience dry mouth, a burning sensation and changes in taste. Gums can become sore and sensitive.